Religious skepticism or tolerated atheism. Locke advised resisting religious orthodoxy because he believed genuine faith must be voluntary, not because he prized First, historically minded political theorists following the lead of Peter Laslett reconstructed the profoundly Calvinist framework within which Locke conceived his philosophy. The late twentieth century witnessed the unraveling, then reconstituting, of such ambitious claims. If the United States was a nation dedicated to pluralism, liberty, and experimentation, then Locke could be designated its official philosopher, a tendency that reached its apex in Louis Hartz's The Liberal Tradition in America (1955). When American historians identified Locke as the most important source of their nation's political ideas, they too accentuated certain themes: his protest against religious orthodoxy, his idea that government originates when individuals leave the state of nature to form a social compact in order to protect their natural rights, and his conviction that knowledge comes from-and must be verified in-experience.
This portrait of Locke as a champion of tolerance, individual rights (especially the right to property), and philosophical empiricism emphasized important features of his thought but neglected his profound Puritan asceticism. Most nineteenth-and early-twentieth-century scholars stressed Locke's challenges to religious orthodoxy, royal absolutism, and the doctrine of innate ideas. Locke's devout Christian faith informed everything he wrote.
Locke's three most influential books ( A Letter Concerning Toleration, Two Treatises of Government, and An Essay Concerning Human Understanding) appeared in 1689 Some Thoughts Concerning Education followed in 1693, and The Reasonableness of Christianity in 1695. John Locke (1632–1704) was an Oxford-educated physician drawn into English politics by his association with dissenting Whigs who eventually helped achieve the Glorious Revolution of 1688. The legacy of John Locke's ideas in American history derives from the complexity of Locke's own life and writings.
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